Solar Energy Systems
Solar energy is a mechanism created to produce electricity from sunlight. Depending on the efficiency of the system installed, up to 30% of electricity can be produced from sunlight. This system, technically called "photovoltaic", is preferred because it is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. Problems such as increasing oil prices, global warming and environmental pollution have accelerated the search for less costly and cleaner energy sources. For this reason, studies on solar energy have intensified since the 1970s.
What is Solar Energy?
Solar energy is a renewable energy source that converts sunlight into electricity. It is also known as "solar energy".
Solar panels work by capturing energetic particles called photons. The panels are covered with solar cells made of silicon. These cells consist of two layers of silicon, n-type and p-type.
When photons hit the cells, the energy of the electrons increases and a flow begins between the layers. This electron flow continues as long as the sun's rays hit the panel surface and electrical energy is produced.
Solar energy systems come in two different types: grid-connected (On Grid) and off-grid:
- Grid-Connected (On Grid) Systems
- It automatically detects both the electricity demand and the electricity phase and regulates the electricity distribution in the network.
- It is a reliable energy source.
- It has a very easy installation.
- It works with high efficiency.
- Since there is no need for a battery, there is no energy storage cost.
- Since there is no obligation to meet all electrical energy needs, the system has a flexible structure as it can be installed according to the desired size and area.
- It is a very suitable system for people who live close to city lines and want to earn additional income by reducing the electricity they consume at home.
- Off Grid Systems
- It is the most convenient and economical method of obtaining electrical energy in places where mains electricity does not reach.
- There is no need for costly components such as transformers and high voltage lines found in electrical networks.
- Since electrical energy is produced close to the point of consumption, transmission losses are minimized.
- It offers quick installation.
- There is no fuel cost.
- The production capacity of this energy system can be increased over time according to changing conditions.
- A long-lasting system can be achieved by using a quality battery and charge regulator.
Grid-connected solar energy systems operate on the principle of using the electrical energy produced in the panels instantly or selling the excess. In this system, the electricity produced by the panels is converted into alternating current by inverters and transferred to the city grid with a bidirectional meter. For this reason, it is called a "grid-connected system".
The system consists of the following components: photovoltaic solar panel, collection box, inverter, grid connection point and bidirectional electricity meter. In this way, the demand of both buildings and industrial establishments with high electricity needs can be met.
The automatic mechanism in the system transfers the excess electricity produced in the panels directly to the building. If the energy produced is insufficient, the required amount is automatically drawn from the grid.
What are the advantages of On Grid systems?
It is a solar energy system that operates with a battery and provides electricity production independently of the grid. The "Off Grid" system consists of a solar panel, battery, inverter and charge regulator. The most important elements in this system are the battery and charge regulator. The electrical energy produced in the solar panel is transferred to the battery by controlling the charge regulator. The energy stored in the battery is converted to alternating current by the inverter and offered for use.
The grid-free solar energy system is mostly used in places where there is no electricity. It is preferred especially in rural areas, in plateaus where electricity transmission is difficult, in mountain houses, base stations, farms, fields and highway signs. In such places, it offers the most effective and economical solution to electrical energy shortage.
The efficiency of the system depends on the periods of use and the positioning of the solar panels. Placing the panels according to the angle of incidence of sunlight increases the efficiency of the system. The installation of the Off Grid system is complex and requires engineering service. Detailed technical knowledge is essential for high efficiency. Therefore, an experienced technical team is critical in solar energy systems.
What are the advantages of off-grid systems?
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